Command-Line



A curated list of shell commands and tools specific to OS X.

“You don’t have to know everything. You simply need to know where to find it when necessary.” (John Brunner)

If you want to contribute, you are highly encouraged to do so. Please read the contribution guidelines.

For more terminal shell goodness, please also see this list's sister list Awesome Command Line Apps.

Women Empowerment in Zanzibar¶

Send a little karma down the way and support women empowerment in Zanzibar by helping to fund the local production of reusable female hygiene products. A very dear friend of mine runs the project. They were already able to buy hundreds of educational books. Sometimes, it takes so little to make a huge impact. If you'd like to thank me or support this work, donate. Additionally, any current and future sponsoring of my work via GitHub or other channels will flow one hundred percent to the NGO.

Foreword¶

There's really only one thing I'd like to note here: man pages. Man pages. Man pages. Okay, three things. But this one thing seemed so important, I had to mention it multiple times. If you're not doing it already, you should get into the habit of consulting man pages before searching anywhere else. Unix-style man pages are an excellent source of documentation. There's even a man page for the man command itself:

man man

It also explains what the numbers in the man pages refer to --- like man(1).

Appearance¶

Subpixel Anti-Aliasing (Font Smoothing)¶

Setting present since macOS 10.14 (Mojave).

## Enable
defaults write -g CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool false

## Disable (Default)
defaults write -g CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool true

## Per Application
defaults write com.apple.textedit CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool false

## Revert for Application
defaults delete com.apple.textedit CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled

Transparency¶

## Reduce Transparency
defaults write com.apple.universalaccess reduceTransparency -bool true

## Restore Default Transparency
defaults write com.apple.universalaccess reduceTransparency -bool false

Wallpaper¶

Set Wallpaper¶

## Up to OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion)
osascript -e 'tell application "Finder" to set desktop picture to POSIX file "/path/to/picture.jpg"'

## Since OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)
sqlite3 ~/Library/Application\ Support/Dock/desktoppicture.db "update data set value = '/path/to/picture.jpg'" && killall Dock

Applications¶

App Store¶

List All Apps Downloaded from App Store¶

## Via find
find /Applications -path '*Contents/_MASReceipt/receipt' -maxdepth 4 -print |\sed 's#.app/Contents/_MASReceipt/receipt#.app#g; s#/Applications/##'

## Via Spotlight
mdfind kMDItemAppStoreHasReceipt=1

Works up to OS X 10.10 (Yosemite).

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.appstore ShowDebugMenu -bool true

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.appstore ShowDebugMenu -bool false

Apple Remote Desktop¶

Kickstart Manual Pages¶

sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -help

Activate And Deactivate the ARD Agent and Helper¶

## Activate And Restart the ARD Agent and Helper
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -activate -restart -agent -console

## Deactivate and Stop the Remote Management Service
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -deactivate -stop

## Allow Access for All Users and Give All Users Full Access
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -configure -allowAccessFor -allUsers -privs -all

## Disable ARD Agent and Remove Access Privileges for All Users (Default)
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -deactivate -configure -access -off

Remove Apple Remote Desktop Settings¶

sudo rm -rf /var/db/RemoteManagement ; \
sudo defaults delete /Library/Preferences/com.apple.RemoteDesktop.plist ; \
defaults delete ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.RemoteDesktop.plist ; \
sudo rm -r /Library/Application\ Support/Apple/Remote\ Desktop/ ; \
rm -r ~/Library/Application\ Support/Remote\ Desktop/ ; \
rm -r ~/Library/Containers/com.apple.RemoteDesktop

Contacts¶

Debug Mode¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.addressbook ABShowDebugMenu -bool true

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.addressbook ABShowDebugMenu -bool false

Google¶

Uninstall Google Update¶

~/Library/Google/GoogleSoftwareUpdate/GoogleSoftwareUpdate.bundle/Contents/Resources/ksinstall --nuke

iTunes¶

Keyboard Media Keys¶

Works up to OS X 10.10 (Yosemite). System Integrity Protection was introduced in OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) which prevents system Launch Agents from being unloaded.

## Stop Responding to Key Presses
launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.rcd.plist

## Respond to Key Presses (Default)
launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.rcd.plist

From OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) on, you can either disable SIP or resort to a kind of hack, which will make iTunes inaccessible to any user, effectively preventing it from starting itself or its helpers. Be aware that for all intents and purposes this will trash your iTunes installation and may conflict with OS updates down the road.

sudo chmod 0000 /Applications/iTunes.app

Mail¶

Show Attachments as Icons¶

defaults write com.apple.mail DisableInlineAttachmentViewing -bool yes

Vacuum Mail Index¶

The AppleScript code below will quit Mail, vacuum the SQLite index, then re-open Mail. On a large email database that hasn't been optimized for a while, this can provide significant improvements in responsiveness and speed.

(*
Speed up Mail.app by vacuuming the Envelope Index
Code from: http://web.archive.org/web/20071008123746/http://www.hawkwings.net/2007/03/03/scripts-to-automate-the-mailapp-envelope-speed-trick/
Originally by "pmbuko" with modifications by Romulo
Updated by Brett Terpstra 2012
Updated by Mathias Törnblom 2015 to support V3 in El Capitan and still keep backwards compatibility
Updated by Andrei Miclaus 2017 to support V4 in Sierra
*)

tell application "Mail" to quit
set os_version to do shell script "sw_vers -productVersion"
set mail_version to "V2"
considering numeric strings
    if "10.10" <= os_version then set mail_version to "V3"
    if "10.12" <= os_version then set mail_version to "V4"
    if "10.13" <= os_version then set mail_version to "V5"
    if "10.14" <= os_version then set mail_version to "V6"
    if "10.15" <= os_version then set mail_version to "V7"
    if "11" <= os_version then set mail_version to "V8"
end considering

set sizeBefore to do shell script "ls -lnah ~/Library/Mail/" & mail_version & "/MailData | grep -E 'Envelope Index$' | awk {'print $5'}"
do shell script "/usr/bin/sqlite3 ~/Library/Mail/" & mail_version & "/MailData/Envelope\\ Index vacuum"

set sizeAfter to do shell script "ls -lnah ~/Library/Mail/" & mail_version & "/MailData | grep -E 'Envelope Index$' | awk {'print $5'}"

display dialog ("Mail index before: " & sizeBefore & return & "Mail index after: " & sizeAfter & return & return & "Enjoy the new speed!")

tell application "Mail" to activate

Safari¶

Change Default Fonts¶

defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2StandardFontFamily Georgia
defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2DefaultFontSize 16
defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2FixedFontFamily Menlo
defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2DefaultFixedFontSize 14

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.Safari IncludeInternalDebugMenu -bool true && \
defaults write com.apple.Safari IncludeDevelopMenu -bool true && \
defaults write com.apple.Safari WebKitDeveloperExtrasEnabledPreferenceKey -bool true && \
defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2DeveloperExtrasEnabled -bool true && \
defaults write -g WebKitDeveloperExtras -bool true

## Disable (Default)
defaults delete com.apple.Safari IncludeInternalDebugMenu && \
defaults delete com.apple.Safari IncludeDevelopMenu && \
defaults delete com.apple.Safari WebKitDeveloperExtrasEnabledPreferenceKey && \
defaults delete com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2DeveloperExtrasEnabled && \
defaults delete -g WebKitDeveloperExtras

Get Current Page Data¶

Other options: get source, get text.

osascript -e 'tell application "Safari" to get URL of current tab of front window'

Use Backspace/Delete to Go Back a Page¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2BackspaceKeyNavigationEnabled -bool YES

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.Safari com.apple.Safari.ContentPageGroupIdentifier.WebKit2BackspaceKeyNavigationEnabled -bool NO

Sketch¶

Export Compact SVGs¶

defaults write com.bohemiancoding.sketch3 exportCompactSVG -bool yes

Skim¶

Turn Off Auto Reload Dialog¶

Removes the dialog and defaults to auto reload.

defaults write -app Skim SKAutoReloadFileUpdate -boolean true

Terminal¶

Focus Follows Mouse¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.Terminal FocusFollowsMouse -string YES

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.Terminal FocusFollowsMouse -string NO

TextEdit¶

Use Plain Text Mode as Default¶

defaults write com.apple.TextEdit RichText -int 0

Visual Studio Code¶

VSCodeVim Key Repeat¶

## Enable
defaults write com.microsoft.VSCode ApplePressAndHoldEnabled -bool false

## Disable (Default)
defaults delete com.microsoft.VSCode ApplePressAndHoldEnabled

Subpixel Anti-Aliasing¶

Setting present since macOS 10.14 (Mojave). See also system-wide setting:

## Enable
defaults write com.microsoft.VSCode CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool false && \
defaults write com.microsoft.VSCode.helper CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool false && \
defaults write com.microsoft.VSCode.helper.EH CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool false && \
defaults write com.microsoft.VSCode.helper.NP CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled -bool false

## Disable (Default)
defaults delete com.microsoft.VSCode CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled && \
defaults delete com.microsoft.VSCode.helper CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled && \
defaults delete com.microsoft.VSCode.helper.EH CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled && \
defaults delete com.microsoft.VSCode.helper.NP CGFontRenderingFontSmoothingDisabled

Backup¶

Time Machine¶

Change Backup Interval¶

This changes the interval to 30 minutes. The integer value is the time in seconds.

sudo defaults write /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.backupd-auto StartInterval -int 1800

Local Backups¶

Whether Time Machine performs local backups while the Time Machine backup volume is not available.

## Status
defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.apple.TimeMachine MobileBackups

## Enable (Default)
sudo tmutil enablelocal

## Disable
sudo tmutil disablelocal

Since macOS 10.13 (High Sierra), you cannot disable local snapshots. Time Machine now always creates a local APFS snapshot and uses that snapshot as the data source to create a regular backup, rather than using the live disk as the source, as is the case with HFS formatted disks.

Prevent Time Machine from Prompting to Use New Hard Drives as Backup Volume¶

sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.TimeMachine DoNotOfferNewDisksForBackup -bool true

Show Time Machine Logs¶

This little script will output the last 12 hours of Time Machine activity followed by live activity.

#!/bin/sh

filter='processImagePath contains "backupd" and subsystem beginswith "com.apple.TimeMachine"'

## show the last 12 hours
start="$(date -j -v-12H +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"

echo ""
echo "[History (from $start)]"
echo ""

log show --style syslog --info --start "$start" --predicate "$filter"

echo ""
echo "[Following]"
echo ""

log stream --style syslog --info --predicate "$filter"

Toggle Backup While on Battery¶

## Status
sudo defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.apple.TimeMachine RequiresACPower

## Enable (Default)
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.TimeMachine RequiresACPower -bool true

## Disable
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.TimeMachine RequiresACPower -bool false

Verify Backup¶

Beginning in OS X 10.11, Time Machine records checksums of files copied into snapshots. Checksums are not retroactively computed for files that were copied by earlier releases of OS X.

sudo tmutil verifychecksums /path/to/backup

Developer¶

Vim¶

Compile Sane Vim¶

Compiling MacVim via Homebrew with all bells and whistles, including overriding system Vim.

brew install macvim --HEAD

Neovim¶

Install the modern Vim drop-in alternative via Homebrew.

brew install neovim

Xcode¶

Install Command Line Tools without Xcode¶

xcode-select --install

Remove All Unavailable Simulators¶

xcrun simctl delete unavailable

Dock¶

Add a Stack with Recent Applications¶

Obsolete since macOS 10.14 (Mojave). See Show Recent Apps.

defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-others -array-add '{ "tile-data" = { "list-type" = 1; }; "tile-type" = "recents-tile"; }' && \
killall Dock

Add a Nameless Stack Folder and Small Spacer¶

defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-others -array-add '{ "tile-data" = {}; "tile-type"="small-spacer-tile"; }' && \
killall Dock

Add a Space¶

defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '{"tile-type"="spacer-tile";}' && \
killall Dock

Add a Small Space¶

defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '{"tile-type"="small-spacer-tile";}' && \
killall Dock

Auto Rearrange Spaces Based on Most Recent Use¶

## Enable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock mru-spaces -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable
defaults write com.apple.dock mru-spaces -bool false && \
killall Dock

Automatically Hide¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.dock autohide -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock autohide -bool false && \
killall Dock

Icon Bounce¶

Global setting whether Dock icons should bounce when the respective application demands your attention.

## Enable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock no-bouncing -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable
defaults write com.apple.dock no-bouncing -bool false && \
killall Dock

Lock the Dock Size¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.Dock size-immutable -bool yes && \
killall Dock

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.Dock size-immutable -bool no && \
killall Dock

Reset Dock¶

defaults delete com.apple.dock && \
killall Dock

Resize¶

Fully resize your Dock's body. To resize change the 0 value as an integer.

defaults write com.apple.dock tilesize -int 0 && \
killall Dock

Scroll Gestures¶

Use your touchpad or mouse scroll wheel to interact with Dock items. Allows you to use an upward scrolling gesture to open stacks. Using the same gesture on applications that are running invokes Exposé/Mission Control.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.dock scroll-to-open -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock scroll-to-open -bool false && \
killall Dock

Set Auto Show/Hide Delay¶

The float number defines the show/hide delay in ms.

defaults write com.apple.dock autohide-time-modifier -float 0.4 && \
defaults write com.apple.dock autohide-delay -float 0 && \
killall Dock

Show Hidden App Icons¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.dock showhidden -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock showhidden -bool false && \
killall Dock

Show Only Active Applications¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.dock static-only -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock static-only -bool false && \
killall Dock

Show Recent Apps¶

Setting present since macOS 10.14 (Mojave).

## Disable
defaults write com.apple.dock show-recents -bool false  && \
killall Dock

## Enable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock show-recents -bool true && \
killall Dock

Single App Mode¶

When clicking an application icon in the Dock, the respective windows will come to the front, but all other application windows will be hidden.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.dock single-app -bool true && \
killall Dock

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.dock single-app -bool false && \
killall Dock

Documents¶

Convert File to HTML¶

Supported formats are plain text, rich text (rtf) and Microsoft Word (doc/docx).

textutil -convert html file.ext

Files, Disks and Volumes¶

Create an Empty File¶

Creates an empty 10 gigabyte test file.

mkfile 10g /path/to/file

Disable Sudden Motion Sensor¶

Leaving this turned on is useless when you're using SSDs.

sudo pmset -a sms 0

Eject All Mountable Volumes¶

The only reliable way to do this is by sending an AppleScript command to Finder.

osascript -e 'tell application "Finder" to eject (every disk whose ejectable is true)'

Repair File Permissions¶

You don't have to use the Disk Utility GUI for this.

sudo diskutil repairPermissions /

Beginning with OS X 10.11 (El Capitan), system file permissions are automatically protected. It's no longer necessary to verify or repair permissions with Disk Utility. (Source)

Set Boot Volume¶

## Up to OS X 10.10 (Yosemite)
bless --mount "/path/to/mounted/volume" --setBoot

## From OS X 10.11 (El Capitan)
sudo systemsetup -setstartupdisk /System/Library/CoreServices

Show All Attached Disks and Partitions¶

diskutil list

View File System Usage¶

A continuous stream of file system access info.

sudo fs_usage

APFS¶

Present since macOS 10.13 (High Sierra). There is no central utility and usage is inconsistent as most functionality is rolled into tmutil.

Convert Volume from HFS+ to APFS¶

/System/Library/Filesystems/apfs.fs/Contents/Resources/hfs_convert /path/to/file/system

Create New APFS Filesystem¶

/System/Library/Filesystems/apfs.fs/Contents/Resources/newfs_apfs /path/to/device

Create Snapshot¶

tmutil localsnapshot

Delete Snapshot¶

tmutil deletelocalsnapshots com.apple.TimeMachine.2018-01-26-044042
````

#### List Snapshots
```sh
tmutil listlocalsnapshots /

Mount Snapshot¶

Snapshots are read-only.

mkdir ~/mnt
/System/Library/Filesystems/apfs.fs/Contents/Resources/mount_apfs -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2018-01-26-044042 / ~/mnt

Disk Images¶

hdiutil create -volname "Volume Name" -srcfolder /path/to/folder -ov diskimage.dmg

If you'd like to encrypt the disk image:

hdiutil create -encryption -stdinpass -volname "Volume Name" -srcfolder /path/to/folder -ov encrypted.dmg

By default, you'll be prompted for a password. You can automate that by piping in a password:

echo -n YourPassword | hdiutil create -encryption -stdinpass -volname "Volume Name" -srcfolder /path/to/folder -ov encrypted.dmg

Burn Disk Images to DVD¶

This command applies to .iso, .img and .dmg images.

hdiutil burn /path/to/image_file

Create Temporary High-Performance Disk¶

The disk is backed by physical RAM and will be several times faster than an SSD. The contents of the disk cannot be recovered after it has been ejected. The example below is for a 500 MiB RAM disk, adjust as needed.

## Up to macOS 10.14 (Mojave)
let DISKSIZE=500*2048 && \
diskutil erasevolume HFS+ "RAM Disk" `hdiutil attach -nomount ram://$DISKSIZE`

## From macOS 10.15 (Catalina) on
let "DISKSIZE = 500*2048" && \
diskutil erasevolume HFS+ "RAM Disk" `hdiutil attach -nomount ram://$DISKSIZE`

Disable Disk Image Verification¶

defaults write com.apple.frameworks.diskimages skip-verify -bool true && \
defaults write com.apple.frameworks.diskimages skip-verify-locked -bool true && \
defaults write com.apple.frameworks.diskimages skip-verify-remote -bool true

Make Volume OS X Bootable¶

bless --folder "/path/to/mounted/volume/System/Library/CoreServices" --bootinfo --bootefi

Mount Disk Image¶

hdiutil attach /path/to/diskimage.dmg

Unmount Disk Image¶

hdiutil detach /dev/disk2s1

Write Disk Image to Volume¶

Like the Disk Utility "Restore" function.

sudo asr -restore -noverify -source /path/to/diskimage.dmg -target /Volumes/VolumeToRestoreTo

Finder¶

Desktop¶

Show External Media¶

External HDs, thumb drives, etc.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowExternalHardDrivesOnDesktop -bool true && \
killall Finder

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowExternalHardDrivesOnDesktop -bool false && \
killall Finder

Show Internal Media¶

Built-in HDs or SSDs.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowHardDrivesOnDesktop -bool true && \
killall Finder

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowHardDrivesOnDesktop -bool false && \
killall Finder

Show Removable Media¶

CDs, DVDs, iPods, etc.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowRemovableMediaOnDesktop -bool true && \
killall Finder

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowRemovableMediaOnDesktop -bool false && \
killall Finder

Show Network Volumes¶

AFP, SMB, NFS, WebDAV, etc.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowMountedServersOnDesktop -bool true && \
killall Finder

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowMountedServersOnDesktop -bool false && \
killall Finder

Files and Folders¶

Clear All ACLs¶

sudo chmod -RN /path/to/folder

Increase Number of Recent Places¶

defaults write -g NSNavRecentPlacesLimit -int 10 && \
killall Finder

Show All File Extensions¶

defaults write -g AppleShowAllExtensions -bool true

Set Protected Flag¶

This is equivalent to Finder "Locked" status.

## Disable (Default)
sudo chflags -R nouchg /path/to/file/or/folder

## Enable
sudo chflags -R uchg /path/to/file/or/folder

Show Hidden Files¶

## Show All
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles true

## Restore Default File Visibility
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles false

Show Full Path in Finder Title¶

defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool true

Toggle Folder Visibility in Finder¶

By default, the ~/Library folder is hidden. You can easily show it again. The same method works with all other folders.

## Hidden (Default)
chflags hidden ~/Library

## Visible
chflags nohidden ~/Library

Layout¶

Makes possible to see Finder menu item "Quit Finder" with default shortcut Cmd + Q

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem -bool true && \
killall Finder

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem -bool false && \
killall Finder

Smooth Scrolling¶

Useful if you’re on an older Mac that messes up the animation.

## Disable
defaults write -g NSScrollAnimationEnabled -bool false

## Enable (Default)
defaults write -g NSScrollAnimationEnabled -bool true

Rubberband Scrolling¶

## Disable
defaults write -g NSScrollViewRubberbanding -bool false

## Enable (Default)
defaults write -g NSScrollViewRubberbanding -bool true

Expand Save Panel by Default¶

defaults write -g NSNavPanelExpandedStateForSaveMode -bool true && \
defaults write -g NSNavPanelExpandedStateForSaveMode2 -bool true

Desktop Icon Visibility¶

## Hide Icons
defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -bool false && \
killall Finder

## Show Icons (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -bool true && \
killall Finder

Path Bar¶

## Show
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowPathbar -bool true

## Hide (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowPathbar -bool false

Scrollbar Visibility¶

Possible values: WhenScrolling, Automatic and Always.

defaults write -g AppleShowScrollBars -string "Always"

Status Bar¶

## Show
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowStatusBar -bool true

## Hide (Default)
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowStatusBar -bool false

Save to Disk by Default¶

Sets default save target to be a local disk, not iCloud.

defaults write -g NSDocumentSaveNewDocumentsToCloud -bool false

Set Current Folder as Default Search Scope¶

defaults write com.apple.finder FXDefaultSearchScope -string "SCcf"

Set Default Finder Location to Home Folder¶

defaults write com.apple.finder NewWindowTarget -string "PfLo" && \
defaults write com.apple.finder NewWindowTargetPath -string "file://${HOME}"

Sets size to 'medium'.

defaults write -g NSTableViewDefaultSizeMode -int 2

Metadata Files¶

Disable Creation of Metadata Files on Network Volumes¶

Avoids creation of .DS_Store and AppleDouble files.

defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores -bool true

Disable Creation of Metadata Files on USB Volumes¶

Avoids creation of .DS_Store and AppleDouble files.

defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteUSBStores -bool true

Opening Things¶

Change Working Directory to Finder Path¶

If multiple windows are open, it chooses the top-most one.

cd "$(osascript -e 'tell app "Finder" to POSIX path of (insertion location as alias)')"

Open URL¶

open https://github.com

Open File¶

open README.md

Open Applications¶

You can open applications using -a.

open -a "Google Chrome" https://github.com

Open Folder¶

open /path/to/folder/

Open Current Folder¶

open .

Fonts¶

Clear Font Cache for Current User¶

To clear font caches for all users, put sudo in front of these commands.

atsutil databases -removeUser && \
atsutil server -shutdown && \
atsutil server -ping

Get SF Mono Fonts¶

Starting in macOS 10.15 (Catalina), the Utilities apps (including Terminal.app) are now found in the /System folder.

cp -v /Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/SharedFrameworks/DVTKit.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Fonts/SFMono-* ~/Library/Fonts

From macOS 10.12 (Sierra) on, they are included in Terminal.app.

cp -v /Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app/Contents/Resources/Fonts/SFMono-* ~/Library/Fonts

In older OS versions, you need to download and install Xcode 8 beta for this to work. Afterwards they should be available in all applications.

cp -v /System/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app/Contents/Resources/Fonts/SFMono-* ~/Library/Fonts

Functions¶

Please see this file.

Hardware¶

Bluetooth¶

Up to OS X 10.12 (Sierra) the Bluetooth daemon is named blued instead of bluetoothd. You need to adjust the killall command accordingly.

## Status
defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth ControllerPowerState

## Enable (Default)
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth ControllerPowerState -int 1

## Disable
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth ControllerPowerState -int 0 && \
sudo killall -HUP bluetoothd

Harddisks¶

Force Trim¶

Enable Trim for non-Apple SSDs. This command is present since OS X 10.10 (Yosemite).

trimforce

Hardware Information¶

List All Hardware Ports¶

networksetup -listallhardwareports

Remaining Battery Percentage¶

pmset -g batt | egrep "([0-9]+\%).*" -o --colour=auto | cut -f1 -d';'

Remaining Battery Time¶

pmset -g batt | egrep "([0-9]+\%).*" -o --colour=auto | cut -f3 -d';'

Show Connected Device's UDID¶

system_profiler SPUSBDataType | sed -n -e '/iPad/,/Serial/p' -e '/iPhone/,/Serial/p'

Show Current Screen Resolution¶

system_profiler SPDisplaysDataType | grep Resolution

Show CPU Brand String¶

sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string

Infrared Receiver¶

## Status
defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.apple.driver.AppleIRController DeviceEnabled

## Enable (Default)
defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.driver.AppleIRController DeviceEnabled -int 1

## Disable
defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.driver.AppleIRController DeviceEnabled -int 0

Power Management¶

Prevent System Sleep¶

Prevent sleep for 1 hour:

caffeinate -u -t 3600

Show All Power Management Settings¶

sudo pmset -g

Put Display to Sleep after 15 Minutes of Inactivity¶

sudo pmset displaysleep 15

Put Computer to Sleep after 30 Minutes of Inactivity¶

sudo pmset sleep 30

Check System Sleep Idle Time¶

sudo systemsetup -getcomputersleep

Set System Sleep Idle Time to 60 Minutes¶

sudo systemsetup -setcomputersleep 60

Turn Off System Sleep Completely¶

sudo systemsetup -setcomputersleep Never

Automatic Restart on System Freeze¶

sudo systemsetup -setrestartfreeze on

Chime When Charging¶

Play iOS charging sound when MagSafe is connected.

## Up to macOS 10.12 (Sierra)

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnAllHardware -bool true && \
open /System/Library/CoreServices/PowerChime.app

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnAllHardware -bool false && \
killall PowerChime

## From macOS 10.13 (High Sierra) on

## Enable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnNoHardware -bool false && \
open /System/Library/CoreServices/PowerChime.app

## Disable
defaults write com.apple.PowerChime ChimeOnNoHardware -bool true && \
killall PowerChime

Input Devices¶

Keyboard¶

Auto-Correct¶

## Disable
defaults write -g NSAutomaticSpellingCorrectionEnabled -bool false

## Enable (Default)
defaults write -g NSAutomaticSpellingCorrectionEnabled -bool true

## Show Status
defaults read -g NSAutomaticSpellingCorrectionEnabled

Full Keyboard Access¶

Enable Tab in modal dialogs.

## Text boxes and lists only (Default)
defaults write NSGlobalDomain AppleKeyboardUIMode -int 0

## All controls
defaults write NSGlobalDomain AppleKeyboardUIMode -int 3

Key Repeat¶

Change the "press and hold" behavior.

## Enable
defaults write -g ApplePressAndHoldEnabled -bool false

## Disable (Default)
defaults write -g ApplePressAndHoldEnabled -bool true

Key Repeat Rate¶

Sets a very fast repeat rate, adjust to taste.

defaults write -g KeyRepeat -int 0.02

Launchpad¶

Reset Launchpad Layout¶

You need to restart Dock because Launchpad is tied to it.

## Up to OS X 10.10 (Yosemite)
rm ~/Library/Application\ Support/Dock/*.db && \
killall Dock

## From OS X 10.11 (El Capitan)
defaults write com.apple.dock ResetLaunchPad -bool true && \
killall Dock

Media¶

Audio¶

Convert Audio File to iPhone Ringtone¶

afconvert input.mp3 ringtone.m4r -f m4af

Create Audiobook From Text¶

Uses "Alex" voice, a plain UTF-8 encoded text file for input and AAC output.

say -v Alex -f file.txt -o "output.m4a"

Disable Sound Effects on Boot¶

sudo nvram SystemAudioVolume=" "

Mute Audio Output¶

osascript -e 'set volume output muted true'

Set Audio Volume¶

osascript -e 'set volume 4'

Play Audio File¶

You can play all audio formats that are natively supported by QuickTime.

afplay -q 1 filename.mp3

Speak Text with System Default Voice¶

say 'All your base are belong to us!'

Startup Chime¶

Older Macs:

## Enable (Default)
sudo nvram BootAudio=%01

## Disable
sudo nvram BootAudio=%00

From 2016 models on:

## Enable
sudo nvram StartupMute=%00

## Disable (Default)
sudo nvram StartupMute=%01

Video¶

Auto-Play Videos in QuickTime Player¶

defaults write com.apple.QuickTimePlayerX MGPlayMovieOnOpen 1

Networking¶

Bonjour¶

Bonjour Service¶

## Disable
sudo defaults write /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist ProgramArguments -array-add "-NoMulticastAdvertisements"

## Enable (Default)
sudo defaults write /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist ProgramArguments -array "/usr/sbin/mDNSResponder" "-launchd"

DHCP¶

Renew DHCP Lease¶

sudo ipconfig set en0 DHCP

Show DHCP Info¶

ipconfig getpacket en0

DNS¶

Clear DNS Cache¶

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache && \
sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

Hostname¶

Set Computer Name/Host Name¶

sudo scutil --set ComputerName "newhostname" && \
sudo scutil --set HostName "newhostname" && \
sudo scutil --set LocalHostName "newhostname" && \
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.smb.server NetBIOSName -string "newhostname"

Network Preferences¶

Network Locations¶

Switch between network locations created in the Network preference pane.

## Status
scselect

## Switch Network Location
scselect LocationNameFromStatus

Set Static IP Address¶

networksetup -setmanual "Ethernet" 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

Networking Tools¶

Ping a Host to See Whether It’s Available¶

ping -o github.com

Troubleshoot Routing Problems¶

traceroute github.com

SSH¶

Permanently Add Private Key Passphrase to SSH Agent¶

Prior to macOS 10.12 (Sierra), ssh would present a dialog asking for your passphrase and would offer the option to store it into the keychain. This UI was deprecated some time ago and has been removed.

Instead, a new UseKeychain option was introduced in macOS 10.12 (Sierra) allowing users to specify whether they would like for the passphrase to be stored in the keychain. This option was enabled by default on macOS 10.12 (Sierra), which caused all passphrases to be stored in the keychain.

This was not the intended default behavior, so this has been changed in macOS 10.12.2. (Source)
ssh-add -K /path/to/private_key
Then add to ~/.ssh/config:
Host server.example.com
    IdentityFile /path/to/private_key
    UseKeychain yes

## Enable
sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist

## Disable (Default)
sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist

TCP/IP¶

Show Application Using a Certain Port¶

This outputs all applications currently using port 80.

sudo lsof -i :80

Show External IP Address¶

Works if your ISP doesn't replace DNS requests (which it shouldn't).

dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com

Alternative that works on all networks.

curl -s https://api.ipify.org && echo

Show Network Interface Information¶

Undocumented flag of the scutil command.

scutil --nwi

TFTP¶

Start Native TFTP Daemon¶

Files will be served from /private/tftpboot.

sudo launchctl load -F /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist && \
sudo launchctl start com.apple.tftpd

Wi-Fi¶

Join a Wi-Fi Network¶

networksetup -setairportnetwork en0 WIFI_SSID WIFI_PASSWORD

Scan Available Access Points¶

Create a symbolic link to the airport command for easy access:

sudo ln -s /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport /usr/local/bin/airport

Run a wireless scan:

airport -s

Show Current SSID¶

/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport -I | awk '/ SSID/ {print substr($0, index($0, $2))}'

Show Local IP Address¶

ipconfig getifaddr en0

Show Wi-Fi Connection History¶

defaults read /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.airport.preferences | grep LastConnected -A 7

Show Wi-Fi Network Passwords¶

Exchange SSID with the SSID of the access point you wish to query the password from.

security find-generic-password -D "AirPort network password" -a "SSID" -gw

Turn on Wi-Fi Adapter¶

networksetup -setairportpower en0 on

Package Managers¶

Fink - The full world of Unix Open Source software for Darwin. A little outdated.
Homebrew - The missing package manager for OS X. The most popular choice.
MacPorts - Compile, install and upgrade either command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software.

Homebrew¶

Full Uninstall¶

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

Printing¶

Clear Print Queue¶

cancel -a -

Expand Print Panel by Default¶

defaults write -g PMPrintingExpandedStateForPrint -bool true && \
defaults write -g PMPrintingExpandedStateForPrint2 -bool true

Quit Printer App After Print Jobs Complete¶

defaults write com.apple.print.PrintingPrefs "Quit When Finished" -bool true

Security¶

Application Firewall¶

Firewall Service¶

## Show Status
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --getglobalstate

## Enable
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate on

## Disable (Default)
sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate off

Add Application to Firewall¶

sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --add /path/to/file

Gatekeeper¶

Add Gatekeeper Exception¶

spctl --add /path/to/Application.app

Remove Gatekeeper Exception¶

spctl --remove /path/to/Application.app

Manage Gatekeeper¶

Especially helpful with the annoying macOS 10.15 (Catalina) system popup blocking execution of non-signed apps.

## Status
spctl --status

## Enable (Default)
sudo spctl --master-enable

## Disable
sudo spctl --master-disable

Passwords¶

Generate Secure Password and Copy to Clipboard¶

LC_ALL=C tr -dc "[:alnum:]" < /dev/urandom | head -c 20 | pbcopy

Physical Access¶

Launch Screen Saver¶

## Up to macOS 10.12 (Sierra)
open /System/Library/Frameworks/ScreenSaver.framework/Versions/A/Resources/ScreenSaverEngine.app

## From macOS 10.13 (High Sierra)
/System/Library/CoreServices/ScreenSaverEngine.app/Contents/MacOS/ScreenSaverEngine

Lock Screen¶

/System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/User.menu/Contents/Resources/CGSession -suspend

Screensaver Immediate Lock¶

## Status
defaults read com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay

## Enable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay -int 0

## Disable (Integer = lock delay in seconds)
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay -int 10

Screensaver Password¶

## Status
defaults read com.apple.screensaver askForPassword

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPassword -int 1

## Disable (Default)
defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPassword -int 0

Privacy Database¶

The tccutil command manages the privacy database, which stores decisions the user has made about whether apps may access personal data. You need to close all applications except Terminal before running any of these commands.

## Full Reset for All Applications
sudo tccutil reset All

## Reset Adress Book Access
sudo tccutil reset AddressBook

## Reset All Permission for Terminal.app
sudo tccutil reset All com.apple.Terminal

Wiping Data¶

Note: The srm command appears to have been removed on MacOS after 10.9. There is a note on an Apple support page hinting as to why:

With an SSD drive, Secure Erase and Erasing Free Space are not available in Disk Utility. These options are not needed for an SSD drive because a standard erase makes it difficult to recover data from an SSD.

Securely Remove File¶

srm /path/to/file

Securely Remove Folder¶

srm -r /path/to/folder/

Securely Remove Path (Force)¶

srm -rf /path/to/complete/destruction

Search¶

Find¶

Recursively Delete .DS_Store Files¶

find . -type f -name '.DS_Store' -ls -delete

Locate¶

Build Locate Database¶

sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.locate.plist

Search via Locate¶

The -i modifier makes the search case insensitive.

locate -i *.jpg

System¶

AirDrop¶

AirDrop over Ethernet on Unsupported Macs¶

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.NetworkBrowser BrowseAllInterfaces -bool true && \
defaults remove com.apple.NetworkBrowser DisableAirDrop

## Disable (Default)
defaults delete com.apple.NetworkBrowser BrowseAllInterfaces && \
defaults write com.apple.NetworkBrowser DisableAirDrop -bool YES

AppleScript¶

Execute AppleScript¶

osascript /path/to/script.scpt

Basics¶

Compare Two Folders¶

diff -qr /path/to/folder1 /path/to/folder2

Copy Large File with Progress¶

Make sure you have pv installed and replace /dev/rdisk2 with the appropriate write device or file.

FILE=/path/to/file.iso pv -s $(du -h $FILE | awk '/.*/ {print $1}') $FILE | sudo dd of=/dev/rdisk2 bs=1m

Restore Sane Shell¶

In case your shell session went insane (some script or application turned it into a garbled mess).

stty sane

Restart¶

sudo reboot

Shutdown¶

sudo poweroff

Show Build Number of OS¶

sw_vers

Uptime¶

How long since your last restart.

uptime

Clipboard¶

Copy data to Clipboard¶

cat whatever.txt | pbcopy

Convert Clipboard to Plain Text¶

pbpaste | textutil -convert txt -stdin -stdout -encoding 30 | pbcopy

pbpaste | expand | pbcopy

Copy data from Clipboard¶

pbpaste > whatever.txt

pbpaste | sort | uniq | pbcopy

FileVault¶

Automatically Unlock FileVault on Restart¶

If FileVault is enabled on the current volume, it restarts the system, bypassing the initial unlock. The command may not work on all systems.

sudo fdesetup authrestart

FileVault Service¶

## Status
sudo fdesetup status

## Enable
sudo fdesetup enable

## Disable (Default)
sudo fdesetup disable

Information/Reports¶

Generate Advanced System and Performance Report¶

sudo sysdiagnose -f ~/Desktop/

Installation¶

Create Bootable Installer¶

## macOS 11 (Big Sur)
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Big\ Sur.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --nointeraction --downloadassets

## macOS 10.15 (Catalina)
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --nointeraction --downloadassets

## macOS 10.14 (Mojave)
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Mojave.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --nointeraction --downloadassets

## macOS 10.13 (High Sierra)
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app

## macOS 10.12 (Sierra)
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Sierra.app

## OS X 10.11 (El Capitan)
sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app

## OS X 10.10 (Yosemite)
sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Yosemite.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/USB --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Yosemite.app

For confirmation before erasing the drive, remove –-nointeraction from the command.
The optional –-downloadassets flag is new in macOS 10.14 (Mojave). It downloads assets which may be required during installation, like updates.
The –-applicationpath flag is deprecated since macOS 10.14 (Mojave) and will throw an error if used.

Download Older OS Versions¶

Version	Codename	Download
Mac OS X 10.0	Cheetah	n/a
Mac OS X 10.1	Puma	n/a
Mac OS X 10.2	Jaguar	n/a
Mac OS X 10.3	Panther	n/a
Mac OS X 10.4	Tiger	n/a
Mac OS X 10.5	Leopard	n/a
Mac OS X 10.6	Snow Leopard	n/a
Mac OS X 10.7	Lion	n/a
OS X 10.8	Mountain Lion	n/a
OS X 10.9	Mavericks	n/a
OS X 10.10	Yosemite	Direct Download
OS X 10.11	El Capitan	Direct Download
macOS 10.12	Sierra	Direct Download
macOS 10.13	High Sierra	App Store
macOS 10.14	Mojave	App Store
macOS 10.15	Catalina	App Store

Kernel Extensions¶

Display Status of Loaded Kernel Extensions¶

sudo kextstat -l

Load Kernel Extension¶

sudo kextload -b com.apple.driver.ExampleBundle

Unload Kernel Extensions¶

sudo kextunload -b com.apple.driver.ExampleBundle

LaunchAgents¶

Please see this file.

LaunchServices¶

Rebuild LaunchServices Database¶

To be independent of OS X version, this relies on locate to find lsregister. If you do not have your locate database built yet, do it.

sudo $(locate lsregister) -kill -seed -r

sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText "Your text"

Memory Management¶

Purge memory cache¶

sudo purge

Show Memory Statistics¶

## One time
vm_stat

## Table of data, repeat 10 times total, 1 second wait between each poll
vm_stat -c 10 1

Notification Center¶

Notification Center Service¶

## Disable
launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.notificationcenterui.plist && \
killall -9 NotificationCenter

## Enable (Default)
launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.notificationcenterui.plist

QuickLook¶

Preview via QuickLook¶

qlmanage -p /path/to/file

Remote Management¶

Prevent Double Password Entry¶

When logging into a Mac remotely via Apple Remote Desktop or VNC, you are sometimes required to enter your password a second time after connecting to the Mac. While you can disable this behavior, it is explicitly not recommend to turn this functionality off unless you are certain that no one else will be able to access your Mac physically when you are away.

## Disable
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.RemoteManagement.plist RestoreMachineState -bool no

## Enable (Default)
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.RemoteManagement.plist RestoreMachineState -bool yes

Remote Apple Events¶

## Status
sudo systemsetup -getremoteappleevents

## Enable
sudo systemsetup -setremoteappleevents on

## Disable (Default)
sudo systemsetup -setremoteappleevents off

Root User¶

## Enable
dsenableroot

## Disable (Default)
dsenableroot -d

Safe Mode Boot¶

## Status
nvram boot-args

## Enable
sudo nvram boot-args="-x"

## Disable (Default)
sudo nvram boot-args=""

Save Dialogs¶

Significantly improve the now rather slow animation in save dialogs.

defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSWindowResizeTime .001

Screenshots¶

Take Delayed Screenshot¶

Takes a screenshot as JPEG after 3 seconds and displays in Preview.

screencapture -T 3 -t jpg -P delayedpic.jpg

Save Screenshots to Given Location¶

Sets location to ~/Desktop.

defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Desktop && \
killall SystemUIServer

Save Screenshots in Given Format¶

Sets format to png. Other options are bmp, gif, jpg, jpeg, pdf, tiff.

defaults write com.apple.screencapture type -string "png"

Disable Shadow in Screenshots¶

defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool true && \
killall SystemUIServer

Set Default Screenshot Name¶

Date and time remain unchanged.

defaults write com.apple.screencapture name "Example name" && \
killall SystemUIServer

Software Installation¶

Install PKG¶

installer -pkg /path/to/installer.pkg -target /

Sidecar¶

Use on Incompatible Macs¶

This may or may not work, depending on the age of the machine.

## Enable
defaults write com.apple.sidecar.display AllowAllDevices -bool true && \
defaults write com.apple.sidecar.display hasShownPref -bool true

## Disable (Default)
defaults delete com.apple.sidecar.display

Software Update¶

Ignore Specific Software Update¶

The identifier can be found via softwareupdate --list. In the example below, being on macOS 10.14 (Mojave), will ignore all update prompts to macOS 10.15 (Catalina), since the latter removes 32-bit support.

sudo /usr/sbin/softwareupdate --ignore "macOS Catalina"

Install All Available Software Updates¶

sudo softwareupdate -ia

Set Software Update Check Interval¶

Set to check daily instead of weekly.

defaults write com.apple.SoftwareUpdate ScheduleFrequency -int 1

Show Available Software Updates¶

sudo softwareupdate --list

Set Software Update Server¶

This should only be done for testing purposes or unmanaged clients. To use network-wide, either correctly set up DNS along with Apple SUS service and bind your clients via OpenDirectory. Alternatively, use Reposado together with correct network DNS settings to make resolution transparent. Margarita looks nice to have as well.

## Use own SUS
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.SoftwareUpdate CatalogURL http://su.example.com:8088/index.sucatalog

## Reset to Apple SUS
sudo defaults delete /Library/Preferences/com.apple.SoftwareUpdate CatalogURL

Software Version¶

Show System Software Version¶

There are several ways to obtain different levels of detail.

sw_vers -productVersion

system_profiler SPSoftwareDataType

defaults read loginwindow SystemVersionStampAsString

Spotlight¶

Spotlight Indexing¶

## Disable
mdutil -i off -d /path/to/volume

## Enable (Default)
mdutil -i on /path/to/volume

Erase Spotlight Index and Rebuild¶

mdutil -E /path/to/volume

Search via Spotlight¶

mdfind -name 'searchterm'

Show Spotlight Indexed Metadata¶

mdls /path/to/file

System Integrity Protection¶

Reboot while holding Cmd + R and open the Terminal application. You will need to reboot for the commands to take effect.

## Status
csrutil status

## Enable (Default)
csrutil enable

## Disable
csrutil disable

Date and Time¶

List Available Timezones¶

sudo systemsetup -listtimezones

Set Timezone¶

sudo systemsetup -settimezone Europe/Berlin

Set Clock Using Network Time¶

## Status
sudo systemsetup getusingnetworktime

## Enable (Default)
sudo systemsetup setusingnetworktime on

## Disable
sudo systemsetup setusingnetworktime off

## System Preferences > Date & Time > Time options
## Analogue
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock IsAnalog -bool true
## Digital (Default)
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock IsAnalog -bool false

## System Preferences > Date & Time > Flash the time separators
## Enable
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock FlashDateSeparators -bool true
## Disable (Default)
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock FlashDateSeparators -bool false

## Thu 18 Aug 23:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM HH:mm:ss"

## Thu 23:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE HH:mm:ss"

## 18 Aug 23:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM HH:mm:ss"

## 23:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "HH:mm:ss"

## Thu 18 Aug 11:46:18 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm:ss a"


## Thu 11:46:18 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm:ss a"

## 18 Aug 11:46:18 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm:ss a"

## 11:46:18 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm:ss a"

## Thu 18 Aug 11:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm:ss"

## Thu 11:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm:ss"

## 18 Aug 11:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm:ss"

## 11:46:18
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm:ss"

## Thu 18 Aug 23:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM HH:mm"

## Thu 23:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE HH:mm"

## 18 Aug 23:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM HH:mm"

## 23:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "HH:mm"

## Thu 18 Aug 11:46 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm a"

## Thu 11:46 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm a"

## 18 Aug 11:46 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm a"

## 11:46 pm
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm a"

## Thu 18 Aug 11:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm"

## Thu 11:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm"

## 18 Aug 11:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm"

## 11:46
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
## System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm"

## Apply changes immediately
sudo killall SystemUIServer

(Source)

Terminal¶

Ring Terminal Bell¶

Rings the terminal bell (if enabled) and puts a badge on it.

tput bel

Alternative Terminals¶

Alacritty - Cross-platform, GPU-accelerated terminal emulator.
iTerm2 - A better Terminal.app.
kitty - Modern, GPU-accelerated terminal emulator.

Shells¶

Bash¶

Install the latest version and set as current user's default shell:

brew install bash && \
echo $(brew --prefix)/bin/bash | sudo tee -a /etc/shells && \
chsh -s $(brew --prefix)/bin/bash

Homepage - The default shell for OS X and most other Unix-based operating systems.
Bash-it - Community Bash framework, like Oh My Zsh for Bash.

fish¶

Install the latest version and set as current user's default shell:

brew install fish && \
echo $(brew --prefix)/bin/fish | sudo tee -a /etc/shells && \
chsh -s $(brew --prefix)/bin/fish

Homepage - A smart and user-friendly command line shell for OS X, Linux, and the rest of the family.
The Fishshell Framework - Provides core infrastructure to allow you to install packages which extend or modify the look of your shell.
Installation & Configuration Tutorial - How to Setup Fish Shell with Fisherman, Powerline Fonts, iTerm2 and Budspencer Theme on OS X.

Zsh¶

Install the latest version and set as current user's default shell:

brew install zsh && \
sudo sh -c 'echo $(brew --prefix)/bin/zsh >> /etc/shells' && \
chsh -s $(brew --prefix)/bin/zsh

Homepage - Zsh is a shell designed for interactive use, although it is also a powerful scripting language.
Oh My Zsh - An open source, community-driven framework for managing your Zsh configuration.
Prezto - A speedy Zsh framework. Enriches the command line interface environment with sane defaults, aliases, functions, auto completion, and prompt themes.
zgen - Another open source framework for managing your zsh configuration. Zgen will load oh-my-zsh compatible plugins and themes and has the advantage of both being faster and automatically cloning any plugins used in your configuration for you.

Terminal Fonts¶

Anonymous Pro - A family of four fixed-width fonts designed with coding in mind.
Codeface - A gallery and repository of monospaced fonts for developers.
DejaVu Sans Mono - A font family based on the Vera Fonts.
Fantasque Sans Mono - Designed with functionality in mind, and with some wibbly-wobbly handwriting-like fuzziness that makes it unassumingly cool.
Hack - Hack is hand groomed and optically balanced to be your go-to code face.
Inconsolata - A monospace font, designed for code listings and the like.
Input - A flexible system of fonts designed specifically for code.
Meslo - Customized version of Apple's Menlo font.
Operator Mono - A surprisingly usable alternative take on a monospace font (commercial).
Powerline Fonts - Repo of patched fonts for the Powerline plugin.
Source Code Pro - A monospaced font family for user interfaces and coding environments.

Glossary¶

Mac OS X, OS X, and macOS Version Information¶

Version	Codename	Release Date	Most Recent Version
Rhapsody Developer Release	Grail1Z4 / Titan1U	August 31, 1997	DR2 (May 14, 1998)
Mac OS X Server 1.0	Hera	March 16, 1999	1.2v3 (October 27, 2000)
Mac OS X Developer Preview	n/a	March 16, 1999	DP4 (April 5, 2000)
Mac OS X Public Beta	Kodiak	September 13, 2000	n/a
Mac OS X 10.0	Cheetah	March 24, 2001	10.0.4 (June 22, 2001)
Mac OS X 10.1	Puma	September 25, 2001	10.1.5 (June 6, 2002)
Mac OS X 10.2	Jaguar	August 24, 2002	10.2.8 (October 3, 2003)
Mac OS X 10.3	Panther	October 24, 2003	10.3.9 (April 15, 2005)
Mac OS X 10.4	Tiger	April 29, 2005	10.4.11 (November 14, 2007)
Mac OS X 10.5	Leopard	October 26, 2007	10.5.8 (August 5, 2009)
Mac OS X 10.6	Snow Leopard	August 28, 2009	10.6.8 v1.1 (July 25, 2011)
Mac OS X 10.7	Lion	July 20, 2011	10.7.5 (September 19, 2012)
OS X 10.8	Mountain Lion	July 25, 2012	10.8.5 (12F45) (October 3, 2013)
OS X 10.9	Mavericks	October 22, 2013	10.9.5 (13F1112) (September 18, 2014)
OS X 10.10	Yosemite	October 16, 2014	10.10.5 (14F27) (August 13, 2015)
OS X 10.11	El Capitan	September 30, 2015	10.11.6 (15G31) (July 18, 2016)
macOS 10.12	Sierra	September 20, 2016	10.12.6 (16G29) (July 19, 2017)
macOS 10.13	High Sierra	September 25, 2017	10.13.6 (17G65) (July 9, 2018)
macOS 10.14	Mojave	September 24, 2018	10.14.6 (18G3020) (January 28, 2020)
macOS 10.15	Catalina	October 7, 2019	10.15.5 (19F101) (June 1, 2020)

License¶

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Women Empowerment in Zanzibar¶

Foreword¶

Appearance¶

Subpixel Anti-Aliasing (Font Smoothing)¶

Transparency¶

Transparency in Menu and Windows¶

Wallpaper¶

Set Wallpaper¶

Applications¶

App Store¶

List All Apps Downloaded from App Store¶

Show Debug Menu¶

Apple Remote Desktop¶

Kickstart Manual Pages¶

Activate And Deactivate the ARD Agent and Helper¶

Remote Desktop Sharing¶

Remove Apple Remote Desktop Settings¶

Contacts¶

Debug Mode¶

Google¶

Uninstall Google Update¶

iTunes¶

Keyboard Media Keys¶

Mail¶

Show Attachments as Icons¶

Vacuum Mail Index¶

Safari¶

Change Default Fonts¶

Develop Menu and Web Inspector¶

Get Current Page Data¶

Use Backspace/Delete to Go Back a Page¶

Sketch¶

Export Compact SVGs¶

Skim¶

Turn Off Auto Reload Dialog¶

Terminal¶

Focus Follows Mouse¶

TextEdit¶

Use Plain Text Mode as Default¶

Visual Studio Code¶

VSCodeVim Key Repeat¶

Subpixel Anti-Aliasing¶

Backup¶

Time Machine¶

Change Backup Interval¶

Local Backups¶

Prevent Time Machine from Prompting to Use New Hard Drives as Backup Volume¶

Show Time Machine Logs¶

Toggle Backup While on Battery¶

Verify Backup¶

Developer¶

Vim¶

Compile Sane Vim¶

Neovim¶

Xcode¶

Install Command Line Tools without Xcode¶

Remove All Unavailable Simulators¶

Dock¶

Add a Stack with Recent Applications¶

Add a Nameless Stack Folder and Small Spacer¶

Add a Space¶

Add a Small Space¶

Auto Rearrange Spaces Based on Most Recent Use¶

Automatically Hide¶

Icon Bounce¶

Lock the Dock Size¶

Reset Dock¶

Resize¶

Scroll Gestures¶

Set Auto Show/Hide Delay¶

Show Hidden App Icons¶

Show Only Active Applications¶

Show Recent Apps¶

Single App Mode¶

Documents¶

Convert File to HTML¶

Files, Disks and Volumes¶

Create an Empty File¶

Disable Sudden Motion Sensor¶

Eject All Mountable Volumes¶